FAMILIARISATION OF OP-AMP

Operational amplifier, in short , op-amp is a versatile device used to amplify AC and DC signal. Though it was originally designed for computing mathematical operations such as addition, multiplication, differentiation, integration etc., it is widely used for veriety of applications like oscillators ,fillters regulators, clipping circuits waveform generators etc.
The symbol of op-amp represent a circuit with two input , an output terminal and two bias supply points.
The 741 it is frequency compensated and shot circuit protected IC. 741C is its commertial version of the operating temperature range from 0 to +70degree C.
741 need +ve and -ve dc source for bias supply connections V+ and V- . This is provided by either a dual power supply or two power supplies. When dual power supplies used its positive terminal.is connected to V+ pin of the ic and -v terminal is connected to V- pin of the IC. The ground terminal of the dual power supply is connected to the ground point of the circuit. When two power supplies are used +ve terminal of the power one  supply and -v terminal of other supply are connected to V+ and V- pins of IC rspectivly. Remaining trminals of the power supplies are connected ti the groun point.of the circuit. When several op-amp are used in a circuit, one power supply is enough to drive all op-amps because of the low power consumption of op-amps.
The output saturation voltages in general are about 2V below the magnitude of the dc power supply levels.

MONSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR USING 741 OP-AMP

Monostable multivibrator is also called one shot. It has a tsable state and a quasi stable state . The circuit remains in the stable state until triggering signal causes a transition to quasi stable state after a time intervell , it returns to the stable state so a single pulse is generated when a trigger is applied.
consider the instant at which the output Vo=Vsat . Now the diode D1 clamps the capacitor voltage Vc at 0.7V feed back voltage available at nin inverting terminal is +betaVsat . When the negative going triger is applied   such that the potential of non inverting terminal become less than 0.7V , the output switch to -Vsat . Now the capacitor charges through R towards -Vsat , because the diode become reverse biased. When the capacitor voltage become more negtive than -betaVsat , the comparator switches back to +Vsat , and capacitor C starts charging to +Vsat through R until Vc reaches 0.7V and C become clamped to 0.7V . The pulse width is given by T=RCln(1/1-beta) approximately. If beta=0.5 T=0.69RC . The time period of a trigger must be larger than the output pulse width T. The circuit does not respond to a trigger that appears before the specified output pulsewidth and hence it is called non-retriggerable monoshot .
Components for wiring the circuit
IC 741
D1=D2 = 1N4001
R1 = 10K
R2 =10K
Cd = 0.01μF
R = 15K
Rd = 100K
C = 0.1μF
Vin = 2Vpp